User:Gusandrews/SearchProject

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Contents 1 STYLE NOTE 2 Running notes 3 Gumbaby analysis 4 Guiding questions 4.1 For choosing reading 4.2 Meta-reading 4.3 For synthesis 4.4 Evolving questions for the dissertation 4.4.1 Topical 4.4.2 Methodological 5 Bibliography 5.1 Already read 5.2 To read

[edit] STYLE NOTE

I'm trying to maintain blog-style chronology -- newest posts at the top. If you're commenting, please put your comment at the top, in chronological order.

Thanks for visiting and commenting! It's so hard to get this work done without being able to run down the hall to chat with you all, and it totally makes my day whenever someone comments. --Gus

[edit] Running notes

[edit] Gumbaby analysis

• New directions ca. Summer 2008:
  • Analysis of the flow and affordances of one gumbaby thread
  • Analysis of selected themes arising from the threads
  • List of other themes which arose in coding threads

[edit] Guiding questions

[edit] For choosing reading

What do we (academics) know about:

• What reading is?
• Why people search for information?
  • the relationship of the search query string to users' (verbally) expressed "information need"?
• why people choose particular strategies for searching for information?
  • the kinds of search "tools" at their command? (interpersonal, school-learned, guesswork, knowledge of the Internet, knowledge of other media, library strategies?)
  • how these tools interact, conflict, compliment or supplement each other?
  • how these strategies are related to or dependent on different domains/Discourses?
• how seekers' strategies differ based on cultural capital, culture, educational background, psychology, resources, gender, goal, etc?
• the moment when seekers decide they have "enough" information?
  • the evidence that searchers draw on to be able to claim that they know at a distance?
• the evolution of seekers' strategies as they grow older?

[edit] Meta-reading

• 15 page proposal ca. Oct 2008
• Lit review outline ca. June 2008
• Where are the gaps in the literature on information-seeking and search strategies?
• How do bodies of literature developed by library science scholars, programmers, "information studies" scholars, and other related scholars inform, ignore, conflict, etc. with each other?
  • To what extent are library scientists up on the communities of practice model?
• How to reconcile cognitive models of information needs with ethnographic models? (Is there even a problem/mismatch?)

[edit] For synthesis

• What does a New Literacies model have to contribute to existing conceptualizations of the search process?

[edit] Evolving questions for the dissertation

[edit] Topical

• Which tools do users bring to the table when preparing to search for information?
• Where does power lie in interactions between search engine developers, "optimizers," and end-users?
  • How does each of these groups conceive of the other two groups?
    • How do those conceptions inform/conflict with each other?

[edit] Methodological

• How to develop a methodologically solid study of situated phenomena?
• How have mental models successfully been applied to search?

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] Already read

General

Looking for Information, Second Edition: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs, and Behavior. Donald O. Case. (Read 2002 edition, skimmed 2006)

Marchionini, G. (1995). Information Seeking in Electronic Environments. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Searcher background

User tools

Relationships between information seeking and context: A qualitative study of Internet searching and the goals of personal development Jarkko Kari, Reijo Savolainen b , 1 Library & Information Science Research 29 (2007) 47 – 69 (This article was kind of crap -- very poor operationalization of terms)

Tool conflict?

End-User Full-Text Searching: Access or Excess? Diane DiMartino, Lucinda R. Zoe LISR 18, 133-149 (1996)

George W. Furnas, Thomas K. Landauer, Louis M. Gomez, and Susan T. Dumais. The Vocabulary Problem in Human-System Communication, Communications of the ACM, 30(11), 964-971, 1987. (Downloaded)

Domain/Discourse

Bibliographic Database Searching by Graduate Students in Language and Literature: Search Strategies, System Interfaces, and Relevance Judgments Debora Shaw LISR 17, 327-345 (1995)

Choosing strategies

Kuhlthau, C.C. (1991). Inside the search process: Information seeking from the user's perspective. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42, 361-371.

Developmental

How experts and novices search the Web Diana Tabatabaia,T, Bruce M. Shoreb Library & Information Science Research 27 (2005) 222 – 248

The role of experience in the information search process of an early career information worker Kuhlthau, Carol Collier Journal of the American Society for Information Science; Apr 15, 1999; 50, 5; ABI/INFORM Global pg. 399

On users, optimizers, and developers

Alejandro Diaz, "Through the Google Goggles: Sociopolitical Bias in Search Engine Design." 2005 (Was this a master's thesis? Senior honors? I never figured out.)

Carbonell and Goldstein. The use of MMR, diversity-based reranking for reordering documents and producing summaries. SIGIR 1998

Stanford comp sci lectures: lecture8-evaluation.pdf, lecture9-queryexpansion.pdf, lecture19a-webchar.pdf

Meta

Methodology Savolainen, R., & Kari, J. (2004). Conceptions of the Internet in everyday life information seeking. Journal of Information Science, 30(3), 219−226.

Mental Models

Zhang, Y., The influence of mental models on undergraduate ..., Information Proces- 

sing and Management (2007), doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2007.09.002

[edit] To read

General

Allen, B. L. Information Tasks: Toward a User-Centered Approach to Information Systems. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996.

Web Search: Public Searching of the Web (Information Science and Knowledge Management) (Hardcover) by Amanda Spink (Author), Bernard J. Jansen (Author)

Wilson, T. D. "Information Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Approach." Information Processing and Management 33: 551-572, 1997.

The attributes of research on end-user online searching behavior: A retrospective review and analysis Library & Information Science Research, Volume 26, Issue 2, Spring 2004, Pages 221-265 Anita L. Ondrusek (review; downloaded)

Theories of Information Behavior. Edited by Karen E. Fisher, Sandra Erdelez, and Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie. ASIST Monograph Series. Medford, New Jersey: Information Today, Inc. 2005. (May be hard to come by.) Recommend Chapter 3 (Wilson), Theories 63 and 64 (Taylor), 25 (Leckie) and 16 (Dervin); Chapter 1 and Theories 5,39,50, and69

Pettigrew, K. E., Fidel, R. & Bruce, H. (2001). Conceptual models in information behaviour research. In. M. Williams (Ed.), Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) (Vol. 55, pp. 249-270). Medford, NJ: Information Today.

Why search?

Belkin, N. (1980) Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval. Canadian journal of Information Science, 5, 133-143

Information Foraging Theory, Pirolli, Peter.

Finding Out About: A Cognitive Perspective on Search Engine Technology and the WWW. Richard K Belew

Searcher background

Klobas, J. E., & Clyde, L. A. (2000). Adults learning to use the Internet: A longitudinal study of attitudes and other factors associated with intended Internet use. Library and Information Science Research, 22, 5−34.

Chatman, EA. 1987. The information world of low-skilled workers. Library and Information Science Research, 9:265-283.

Holscher, C., & Strube, G. (2000). Web search behavior of Internet experts and newbies. Computer Networks, 33, 337-346. (Downloaded)

Nahl, D. (1998). Learning the Internet and the structure of information behavior. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 49, 1017−1023. (Downloaded)

User tools

Brown, J. S., Collins, A. & Duguid, P. (1989, Jan/Feb). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 32-42. (Have I read this?! Maybe not, but Squire, J Black, Dehaan etc have!)

Wilson, P. (1983). Second-Hand Knowledge: An Inquiry into Cognitive Authority. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp.vii-viii, 3-35.

Chang, S-J, and Rice, R. (1993) Browsing: A multidimensional framework. in M. Williams (ed) Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) (Vol 28, pp 231-276)

Kwasnik, B H. (1992) A descriptive study of the functional components of browsing. In Proceedings of the IFIP TC2aG2.7 Working Conference on Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction (Ellivuori, Finland, 1992) pp 191-202

more by Eric M. Meyers ⁎, Karen E. Fisher, Elizabeth Marcoux on their "tween day" project

Perse, E. M., & Ferguson, D. A. (2000). The benefits and costs of Web surfing. Communication Quarterly, 48(4), 343−359. Has a bit on how Net use responds to context...

Bhavnani, Suresh K. and Bates, Marcia J. "Separating the Knowledge Layers: Cognitive Analysis of Search Knowledge through Hierarchical Goal Decompositions." Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology Annual Meeting, vol. 39, 2002, pp. 204-213.

Savolainen, R., & Kari, J. (2004). Placing the Internet in information source horizons: A study of information seeking by Internet users in the context of self-development. Library and Information Science Research, 26, 415−433. (Yes, I know the other Savolainen was crummy, but this ostensibly had something else for user tools, according to Case I think)

Supporting Multiple Information Seeking Strategies in a Single System Framework Xiaojun Yuan, Nicholas Belkin (SIGIR '07)

Bates, M. (1979) Idea tactics. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 30(5), 280-289 (A taxonomy. Does it arise from users or is it one of these heuristic things developed out of thin air by a researcher?)

Bates, M. (1979) Information search tactics. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 30(4), 205-214 (Another taxonomy)

Harter, S.P., Rogers-Peters, A. (1985) Heuristics for online information retrieval: A typology and preliminary listing. Online Review 9(5), 407-424 (Also definitely taxonomic and even sounds like they're making recommendations -- this came from Marchionini -- but still might be nice to scan.)

Users’ interaction with World Wide Web resources: an exploratory study using a holistic approach Pages 229-251 Peiling Wang, William B. Hawk and Carol Tenopir Volume 36, Issue 2, Pages 205-339 (1 March 2000)Information Processing & Management

Tool conflict?

Domain/Discourse

Marchionini, G (1989) Making the transition from print to electronic encyclopedias: Adaptation of mental models. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 30, 591-618 (Requested from TC ILL 10/13/07)

Choosing strategies

Jansen, B.J., Spink, A., & Saracevic, T. (2000). Real life, real users, and real needs: A study and analysis of user queries on the web. Information Processing and Management, 36, 207-227. (Downloaded)

Xie, H. (2000). Shifts of interactive intentions and information-seeking strategies in interactive information retrieval. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51, 841-857. (Downloaded)

Search Engine Users: Internet Searchers are Confident, Satisified, and Trusting--But They Are Also Unaware and Naive (Pew Internet and American Life Project, January 23 2005 [cited May 22 2005]), 14, available from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Searchengine_users.pdf.

Kari, J. (2004). Web information seeking by pages: An observational study of moving and stopping. Information Research, 9(4) paper 183. Retrieved August 12, 2005, from http://InformationR.net/ir/9-4/paper183.html.

Shute, S., & Smith, P. (1993) .Knowledge-based search tactics. Information Processing & Management, 29, 1, 29-45.

Savolainen, R., & Kari, J. (2006). Facing and bridging gaps in Web searching. Information Processing and Management, 42, 519−537.

Developmental

Limberg, L. (1999). Experiencing information seeking and learning: A study of the interaction between two phenomena. Information Research, 5(1) paper 68. Retrieved August 9, 2005, from http://InformationR.net/ir/5- 1/paper68.html

Siegler, R.S., & Jenkins, E. (1989). How Children Discover New Strategies. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey.

Kafai, Yasmin, and Marcia J. Bates. "Internet Web-Searching Instruction in the Elementary Classroom: Building a Foundation for Information Literacy." School Library Media Quarterly 25 (Winter 1997) pages 103-111.

Walter, VA. 1994. The Information needs of children, in Advances in Librarianship vol 18, 111-129, Academic Press.

Kuhlthau, C. 1988. Longitudinal case studies of the information search process of users in libraries. Library and Information Science Research, 10:251-304. (Not in library DB :E)

On users, optimizers, and developers

SONNENWALD, D. H. Contested collaboration: a descriptive model of intergroup communication in information system design. Information Processing and Management 31(6), 1995, 859-877.

Larry Page et al., "The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web," (Stanford, CA: Stanford Digital Library Technologies Project, 1999), 1, available from http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/showDoc.Fulltext?lang=en&doc=1999-66&format=pdf&compression=&name=1999-66.pdf. *seminal*

Web Spam, Propaganda and Trust Panagiotis T. Metaxas, Joseph DeStefano SIGIR 2005; AIRWEB proceedings (downloaded)

Batya Friedman and Helen Nissenbaum, "Bias in Computer Systems," ACM Transactions on Information Systems 14, no. 3 (1996).

Adversarial Information Retrieval Aspects of Sponsored Search Bernard J. Jansen SIGIR 2006; AIRWEB proceedings (downloaded)

Meta

Dervin, B. (1997). Given a context by any other name: Methodological tools for taming the unruly beast. In P. Vakkari, R. Savolainen, & B. Dervin (Eds.), Information seeking in context: Proceedings of an International Conference on Research in Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts (pp. 13−38).

Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, & Ora Lassila, "The Semantic Web," Scientific American (May 2001) http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=00048144-10D2-1C70-84A9809EC588EF21

Catherine Marshall & Frank Shipman, "Which Semantic Web?" ACM conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia (2003) http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/~marshall/ht03-sw-4.pdf

Cool, C. (2001). The concept of situation in information science. In M. Williams (Ed.), Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) (Vol. 35, pp. 5-42). Medford, NJ: Information Today. (Situation seems to be important to the UMD crowd, good to look into what this means.)